Qubits are the fundamental units of information in quantum computing, analogous to classical bits in traditional computing. However, unlike a classic bit that can exist in a state of either 0 or 1, a qubit can exist in a state of superposition. This means it can be both 0 and 1 simultaneously, enabling quantum computers to process vast amounts of information at once. The power of qubits lies in this unique ability to represent multiple states, making them crucial for the performance of quantum algorithms.

Another important aspect of qubits is their ability to exhibit entanglement, a phenomenon where qubits become interconnected in such a way that the state of one qubit can depend on the state of another, regardless of the distance separating them. This characteristic allows for remarkable scalability and efficiency in quantum computations, leading to faster problem-solving capabilities for certain tasks, such as factoring large numbers or optimizing complex systems. Understanding these properties of qubits is essential for grasping the future potential of quantum computing.

The paradox of quantum entanglement challenges our classical understanding of information transfer. When two particles become entangled, their states are interconnected in such a way that the state of one particle instantly influences the state of the other, regardless of the distance separating them. This phenomenon was famously described by Einstein as 'spooky action at a distance,' and it raises essential questions about the nature of information. In a world governed by relativity, where no information can travel faster than light, quantum entanglement seems to suggest that information can be instantaneously shared between entangled particles. This created a tension between the principles of relativity and the realities of quantum mechanics.

Furthermore, the implications of quantum entanglement stretch beyond theoretical physics and into the realm of information theory and quantum computing. It poses the possibility of a new form of communication known as quantum teleportation, which relies on entangled particles to transmit information without the physical travel of particles themselves. As researchers delve deeper, they uncover fascinating prospects for securely transmitting information and enhancing computational power. The paradox invites us to reconsider not just how we understand information, but how it could revolutionize technology and reshape our comprehension of the universe itself.

Quantum computers have emerged as a groundbreaking technology that promises to address problems beyond the capabilities of classical computers. Unlike traditional computing, which relies on bits as the smallest unit of data, quantum computing utilizes qubits that can represent and process information in ways that classical bits cannot. This unique ability allows quantum computers to perform complex calculations at unprecedented speeds, tackling problems in fields such as cryptography, drug discovery, and optimization that are currently infeasible for classical systems.

One of the most notable examples of a problem that quantum computers may solve is factoring large numbers, a task that underpins the security of modern encryption methods. Classical algorithms struggle with this task as the size of the numbers increases, while quantum algorithms, particularly Shor's algorithm, hold the potential to factor these numbers efficiently. Additionally, Quantum computers can leverage quantum superposition and entanglement to explore multiple solutions simultaneously, providing a significant advantage in optimization problems like route planning and resource allocation, demonstrating their capacity to tackle challenges far beyond classical computational limits.